Yogurt and probiotics. Studies have shown that daily ingestion of 150 mL of yogurt enriched with live Lactobacillus acidophilus can increase levels of friendly bacteria in the rectum and vagina. Studies have shown that a daily cup of yogurt significantly reduces the risk of candida infection and colonization. This therapy is generally well tolerated, except among people with specific milk protein allergies. Even people who are lactose intolerant oftentimes find that yogurt is tolerable.
Fructooligosaccharides. Fructooligosaccharides are a form of sugar that has been shown to boost beneficial bacteria levels. One teaspoon (4 g) daily of fructooligosaccharide promotes the proliferation of friendly bifido bacteria in the gut.
Other Nutrients that Fight Fungal Infection
Certain nutrients have been shown to reduce the risk of fungal infection by attacking the organisms directly or enhancing the immune response. These include the following:
Goldenseal. The active ingredient of the herbal root goldenseal is called berberine. One of its many pharmacologic actions is metabolic inhibition of certain organisms, including fungi. In animal studies, it has been shown to work synergistically with intravenous amphotericin B, allowing dramatic reductions in dosages. Berberine has also demonstrated direct antifungal activity in laboratory studies.
Additional antimicrobial compounds have been identified in goldenseal. Nine compounds have been isolated from a commercially available sample of goldenseal root (Hydrastis canadensis).
Lactoferrin. Several studies have found that lactoferrin, a subfraction of whey protein, inhibits a wide range of bacteria, yeasts, and even certain intestinal parasites. Lactoferrin taken orally appears to survive absorption in the stomach and can make its way into secretory tissue such as breast and salivary glands. It has been described as an important part of the primary host immune defense against microbes including Candida. Candida albicans, in particular, has been proven to be inhibited by lactoferrin. In lab studies, the majority of Candida albicans isolates succumbed to lactoferrin.
Lactoferrin worked well in combination with fluconazole, a prescription antifungal agent, demonstrating that lactoferrin and antifungal medications work together to reduce oral yeast infections in HIV-infected individuals. In a different study human lactoferrin was effective against candida strains that had become resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, raising the possibility of a potent new therapy.
Tea tree oil. Studies have demonstrated the antifungal properties of the oil of the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) against a wide range of fungal isolates, including Candida. Controlled doses of tea tree oil may be used as an effective topical treatment for dermatologic Candida infection and paronychia. The mechanism of action of tea tree oil against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by treating each strain of yeast with tea tree oil for up to six hours. Colonies were labeled with methylene blue to help researchers observe alterations in membrane permeability. Membrane fluidity was determined by fluorescence. The studies found that the antifungal properties of tea tree oil lie in its ability to disrupt the yeast cell wall.
Essential oils. Oils from various herbs, including clove, cayenne, and especially oregano, have been tested against Candida organisms. In a study on immunosuppressed animals, oregano and clove oil reduced the number of colony counts in samples of oral tissue. Oregano oil in combination with clove oil has also been shown to reduce the fungal load, which would decrease the risk of candida infection in animal models of vaginal candida infection.
Garlic. Garlic has a number of antimicrobial properties and has been shown to inhibit the growth of candida in the laboratory. Lab studies have revealed that candida is especially sensitive to a purified extract of garlic known as allyl alcohol, which produced oxidative stress inside the yeast organism and inhibited its growth. Other studies have demonstrated that garlic extracts begin exerting their anticandidal effect within one hour of ingestion.